Glossary of Fabric & Fashion
Terms
P - S
P
Paisley - A tear-drop shaped, fancy printed
pattern, used in dresses, blouses, and men's ties.
Panne - French word
meaning plush. It resembles velvet but has a much
longer pile. It has high luster and is made in
silk, silk blends or with synthetics.
Panné Velvet - A type of lustrous,
lightweight velvet fabric, usually made of silk or
a manufactured fiber, in which the pile has been
flattened in one direction.
Pearlized - Given a pearlescent surface or
finish.
Peasant Top - Romantic style often
characterized with a low neckline, ruffles, or
free flowing material.
Peau de Cynge -
The name comes from a French phrase that means
"swam skin". Crepe yarns are woven to create a
silk textile with high luster and a slightly
slubbed texture with good body.
Peau de Peche -
The name comes from a French phrase meaning "skin
of peach". This textile has a soft nap that is
acquired after a finishing process.
Peau de Soie - A heavy twill weave
drapeable satin fabric, made of silk or a
manufactured fiber, and used for bridal gowns and
eveningwear.
Peau Satin – Satin fabric of silk or a
manufactured fiber that is woven in a heavy twill
weave. The fabric is easily draped and used
for bridal gowns and evening wear.
Peek-a-boo - Any part of the garment
which has been cut out to reveal skin.
Pekin - A high quality fabric
characterized by its vertical stripes of identical
width that have equal widths between them. It
consists of cotton, wool, silk, or elaborate
velvet stripes that are separated by satin.
Percale – Plain,
medium weight, cotton weave of a medium weight
that is firm, smooth, with no gloss. Warps and
washes very well. It is made from both carded and
combed yarns. Percale sheeting is the finest
sheeting available and is made of combed yarns and
has a count of 200 - carded percale sheeting has a
count of 180. It has a soft, silk-like feel. The
thread count ranges usually from 180-100.
Performance Fabrics - Fabrics made for a
variety of end-use applications, which provide
functional qualities, such as moisture
management, UV protection, anti-microbial,
thermo-regulation, and wind/water resistance.
Petticoat - An underskirt usually a
little shorter than the outer clothing and often
made with a ruffled, pleated or lace edge.
Picot - A narrow row of dainty, woven loops
along the selvage of fabric or lace produced to
create an edge or a finished flange.
Pieced - A look created by sewing
several pieces of material together to form the
garment, much like a quilt.
Pile Knit - A type of knit construction
which utilizes a special yarn or a sliver that is
interlooped into a standard knit base. This
construction is used in the formation of imitation
fur fabrics, in special liners for cold weather
apparel such as jackets and coats, and in some
floor coverings. While any basic knit stitch may
be used for the base of pile knits, the most
common is the jersey stitch.
Pile Weave - A type of decorative weave in
which a pile is formed by additional warp or
filling yarns interlaced in such a way that loops
are formed on the surface or face of the fabric.
The loops may be left uncut, or they may be cut to
expose yarn ends and produce cut pile fabric.
Pill - A tangled ball of fibers that
appears on the surface of a fabric, as a result of
wear or continued friction or rubbing on the
surface of the fabric. Occurs as a result of
fibers loosening from the fabric surface to form
balls of matted fiber particles.
Pinafore - Originally used to protect
dresses from dirt, it was adopeted as a fashion
piece and worn as a sleeveless dress or over a
blouse.
Pique - Cotton, rayon,
or synthetic fabrics in a lengthwise rib, English
crosswise rib or cord weave that creates a stiff,
durable ribbed fabric with an embossed pattern
produced by a double warp thread.
Originally was a crosswise rib but now mostly a
lengthwise rib and the same as bedford cord. Ribs
are often filled to give a more pronounced wale
(cord weave). Comes in medium to heavy weights and
is generally made of combed face yarns and carded
stuffer yarns. It is durable and launders well,
but wrinkles badly unless given a wrinkle-free
finish. It also comes in different patterns
besides wales. Some of the patterns are birdseye
(small diamond), waffle (small squares), honeycomb
(like the design on honeycomb honey). When the
fabric begins to wear out it wears at the corded
areas first.
Placket - The piece of cloth that
reinforces a split or opening in a garment.
Usually also serves as the closure.
Plain Weave - A basic weave, utilizing a
simple alternate interlacing of warp and filling
yarns. Any type of yarn made from any type of
fiber can be manufactured into a plain weave
fabric.
Plaited Fabric - A narrow fabric made by
crossing a number of sturdy yarns diagonally, so
each strand passes alternatively over or under one
or more of the other stands. Typically used in
shoe laces and suspenders.
Plaited Yarn - A yarn covered by another
yarn.
Plied Yarn - A twisting together of two or
more single yarns in one operation.
Plisse - Cotton,
rayon, and other fabrics that have been treated
with a caustic soda solution which shrinks parts
of the goods either all over or in stripes giving
a blistered effect that is similar to seersucker
in appearance. Produced by a wet finishing
treatment, this fabric has the look of woven
seersucker, similar to crepe. This crinkle may or
may not be removed after washing. This depends on
the quality of the fabric. It does not need to be
ironed, but if a double thickness, such as a hem,
needs a little, it should be done after the fabric
is thoroughly dry.
Plush - Velvet or
velveteen where the pile is 1/8" thick or more.
e.g. Cotton velour, hat velour, plush "fake furs".
Pointelle - Very feminine,
delicate-looking, rib-knit fabric made with a
pattern of openings.
Point d'esprit –
Cotton, and sometimes silk, in a Leno, gauze,
knotted, or mesh weave. First made in France
in 1834, it has a dull surfaced net with various
sized holes. Has white or colored dots
individually spaced or in groups.
Polyester - A manufactured fiber introduced
in the early 1950s, and is second only to cotton
in worldwide use. Polyester has high strength
(although somewhat lower than nylon), excellent
resiliency, and high abrasion resistance. Low
absorbency allows the fiber to dry quickly.
Polypropylene (also known as polyolefin and
Olefin) - A manufactured fiber characterized
by its light weight, high strength, and abrasion
resistance. Polypropylene is also good at
transporting moisture, creating a wicking action.
End-uses include activewear apparel, rope,
indoor-outdoor carpets, lawn furniture, and
upholstery.
Pongee - Silk, cotton,
or rayon in a plain weave that was woven "in the
gum". Originally from China and woven on
hand looms in the home. It is light or medium
weight and tan or ecru in color. Some is dyed,
but color is not quite uniform. The warp is finer
and more even than filling. The nubs or irregular
cross ribs are produced by uneven yarns. It is
woven from wild tussah silk and it is a "raw
silk".
Poplin - A cotton or wool fabric made using
a crosswise rib variation of the plain weave. The
construction is characterized by having a slight
ridge effect in one direction, usually the
filling. The filling is cylindrical with two
or three times as many warp as weft per inch.
Has a more pronounced filling effect than
broadcloth. It is mercerized and has quite a high
luster. It may be bleached, or dyed (usually vat
dyes are used) or printed. Heavy poplin is given a
water-repellent finish for outdoor use. Poplin was
originally made with silk warp and a heavier wool
filling. American cotton broadcloth shirting
is known as poplin in Great Britain.
Press Mark - Undesirable shining lines
on the outside of the garment due to incorrect
ironing.
Princess Seams - Seams that can be found
in the front or the back of a garment that create
a form-fitting shape.
Provence – This is a plain woven cotton
with a typed style of printing which characterizes
the countryside of Provence in French country.
Puckered bodice - Usually associated
with tube tops, it provides a scrunchy look.
Puff Sleeve / Pouf Sleeve - A full
sleeve of varying lengths, created by generous
gathering around the armhole.
Purl Stitch - A basic stitch used in weft
knitting, which produces knit fabrics that have
the same appearance on both sides. The purl stitch
is frequently used in combination with the jersey
and rib stitches to produce a knitted fabric
design. Sweaters, knitted fabrics for infants and
children's wear, knitted fabrics for specialized
sportswear, and bulky knit fabrics are commonly
made using the purl stitch.
Pyrenees – A wool fabric made in France
from the wool of Pyrenees’ flocks of sheep. The
Pyrenees are a mountain chain between France and
Spain. The fabric is well known because it is a
high quality fabric which keeps warm.
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Q
Quilting - A fabric construction in which a
layer of down or fiberfill is placed between two
layers of fabric, and then held in place by
stitching or sealing in a regular, consistent,
all-over pattern on the goods.
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R
Radium - Originated in Lyons France. It
has high luster and is smooth and soft.
Ramie - A natural woody fiber, similar to
flax, taken from the stalk of a plant grown in
China. Also know as rhea and China grass, it
is obtained from a tall shrub grown in South-east
Asia. China, Japan, and southern Europe. The fiber
is stiff, more brittle than linen, and highly
lustrous. It can be bleached to extreme whiteness.
Ramie fibers are long and very fine. They are
white and lustrous and almost silk-like in
appearance. The strength of ramie is but elastic
recovery is low and elongation is poor. Ramie
lends itself to general processing for textile
yarns, but its retting operation is difficult and
costly, making the fiber unprofitable for general
use. When combed, ramie is half the density of
linen, but much stronger, coarser, and more
absorbent. It has permanent luster and good
affinity for dyes and is affected little by
moisture. Ramie is used as filling yarn in mixed
woolen fabrics, as adulteration with silk fibers,
and as a substitute for flax. The China-grass
cloth use by the Chinese is made of Ramie.
Raschel Knit - A warp knitted fabric in
which the resulting knit fabric resembles hand
crocheted fabrics, lace fabrics, and nettings.
Raschel warp knits contain inlaid connecting yarns
in addition to columns of knit stitches.
Ratine - Originated in Italy
but is a French word that means rough. This fiber
has an uneven, pebbled surface. It comes in solid
colors and prints and is usually made from silk,
cotton or wool.
Rayon - A manufactured fiber composed of
regenerated cellulose, derived from wood pulp,
cotton linters, or other vegetable matter.
Re-embroidered - To outline a design (as on
lace) with embroidery stitching.
Repellency - The ability of a fabric to
resist such things as wetting and staining by
water, stains, soil, etc.
Resiliency - The ability of a fabric to
spring back to its original shape after being
twisted, crushed, wrinkled, or distorted in any
way.
Rhinestoned - To attach a colorless
imitation stone of high luster made of glass,
paste, or gem quartz.
Ribbed - To form vertical ridges in
knitting.
Ribboned - Ribbon lace is made by stitching
ribbon onto mesh or net fabrics. The design is
usually a random pattern rather than floral.
Rib knit - A basic stitch used in weft
knitting in which the knitting machines require
two sets of needles operating at right angles to
each other. Rib knits have a very high degree of
elasticity in the crosswise direction. This
knitted fabric is used for complete garments and
for such specialized uses as sleeve bands, neck
bands, sweater waistbands, and special types of
trims for use with other knit or woven fabrics.
Lightweight sweaters in rib knits provide a close,
body-hugging fit.
Rib Weave - One of the plain weave
variations, which is formed by using: 1) heavy
yarns in the warp or filling direction, or 2) a
substantially higher number of yarns per inch in
one direction than in the other, or 3) several
yarns grouped together as one. Rib fabrics are all
characterized by having a slight ridge effect in
one direction, usually the filling. Such fabrics
may have problems with yarn slippage, abrasion
resistance, and tear strength. Examples of this
construction include broadcloth, poplin, taffeta,
faille, shantung, and cord fabric.
Rip-stop Nylon - A lightweight, wind
resistant, and water resistant plain weave fabric.
Large rib yarns stop tears without adding excess
weight to active sportswear apparel and outdoor
equipment such as sleeping bags and tents. Fabric
woven with double thread at regular intervals to
create small squares that prevent tears from
spreading. Usually made from nylon or polyester
and used in packs, sleeping bags, tent sand gear.
Romaine - A
lightweight textile with a low thread count that
is lustrous and has an uneven textural appearance.
It was originally made of silk but is found today
in wool, silk, rayon, acetate and other
synthetics.
Romper - A one-piece garment with the
lower part shaped like bloomers.
Ruche -
Fluted or crimped lace or gauze, used as a
trimming.
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S
Sailcloth - A strong canvas of cotton,
linen, or nylon in a plain weave, sometimes with a
crosswise rib. The weights vary, but most
often the count is around 148 x 60. Able to
withstand the elements (rain, wind and snow).
Sailcloth for clothing is sold frequently and is
much lighter weight than used for sails.
Historically used in sails, awnings, and all kinds
of sportswear for men, women, and children.
Sanforized - A process to preshrink fabric.
Fabrics with this trademark should never shrink
more than 1%.
Sanglier –
French for wild boar. It was named for its
texture which is compact and wiry. It also has a
very rough finish. It is usually created with
mohair and worsted fibers.
Saran Fiber - A manufactured fiber which
has an excellent resistance to sunlight and
weathering, and is used in lawn furniture,
upholstery, and carpets.
Sarong Skirt - Long cloth which is
wrapped around the entire body.
Sateen – Cotton or rayon in a filling-face
weave. A weave construction for mercerized
cotton fabrics, which produces a lustrous and
smooth surface with the sheen in a filling
direction. Carded or combed yarns are used. Better
qualities are mercerized to give a higher sheen.
Some are only calendered to produce the sheen but
this disappears with sashing and is not considered
genuine sateen. May be bleached, dyed, or printed.
Difficult to make good bound buttonholes on it as
it has a tendency to slip at the seams. Used
in dresses, sportswear, blouses, robes, pijamas,
linings for draperies, and bedspreads.
Sateen Fabric - A fabric made from yarns
with low luster, such as cotton or other staple
length fibers. The fabric has a soft, smooth hand
and a gentle, subtle luster. Sateen fabrics are
often used for draperies and upholstery.
Sateen Weave - A variation of the satin
weave, produced by floating fill yarns over warp
yarns.
Satin - A traditional fabric utilizing a
satin weave construction to achieve a lustrous
fabric surface. Satin is a traditional fabric for
evening and wedding garments. Typical examples of
satin weave fabrics include: slipper satin,
crepe-back satin, faille satin, bridal satin,
moleskin, and royal satin. Traditionally
made from silk, satin can also be made from rayon
and synthetics. It originated in China (Zaytoun,
China - now Canton - a port from which satins were
exported during the Middle Ages). It became
known in Italy during the XIIth, and XIIIth
Centuries and in England by the XIVth Century. It
became a favorite of all court life because of its
exquisite qualities and feel. It usually has a
lustrous surface and a dull back. The luster is
produced by running it between hot cylinders. It
is made in many colors, weights, varieties,
qualities, and degrees of stiffness. A low grade
silk or a cotton filling is often used in cheaper
cloths.
Satin
(Double-Faced Satin) - Yarn woven with two
warps and one filling, to simulate a double satin
construction. Has satin on both sides. Cotton
filling is often used in cheaper qualities.
Satin (Duchesse Satin) - This form of satin
has a wonderful luster and a smooth feel with a
thread count is very high. As the name
implies, it is used in fine women's wear.
Very fine yarns are used, particularly in the warp
with more ends/inch than picks. It is
characterized by a grainy twill on back.
Satin (Peau de Soie)
– A soft, satin-face, good quality cloth with a
dull luster. It has a grainy appearance, and is a
characteristic in the cloth which may have a
single or double face construction. Fine close
ribs are seen in the filling direction. With the
best grades, the fabric can be used on either
side. Lower qualities are finished on one side
only. Name means "skin of silk". Some cloth sold
as peau de soie is really a de-lustered satin. It
doesn't have the grainy appearance. Because of
crosswise rib, the fabric is difficult to ease.
Also sold as "de-lustered satin".
Satin-back
Satin on one side and anything on the other.
For example, very good velvet ribbon has velvet on
one side and satin on the other.
Satin Faconne –
A jacquard figured fabric with an all-satin weave
background. Various types of striping effects are
obtained.
Satin Weave - A basic weave, characterized
by long floats of yarn on the face of the fabric.
The yarns are interlaced in such a manner that
there is no definite, visible pattern of
interlacing and, in this manner, a smooth and
somewhat shiny surface effect is achieved. The
shiny surface effect is further increased through
the use of high luster filament fibers in yarns
which also have a low amount of twist. A true
satin weave fabric always has the warp yarns
floating over filling yarns.
Scalloped Edge - A border that contains
continuous curves finished with bourdon stitching.
Scoop Neck / Round Neck - A low,
U-shaped or round neckline.
Seamless Knitting - A unique process of
circular knitting, done on either Santoni or
Sangiacomo knitting machines. This circular
knitting process essentially produces finished
garments with no side seams, which require only
minimal sewisng to complete the garment. Seamless
knitting can transform yarn into complete garments
in a fraction of the time it takes for traditional
garment manufacturing, by minimizing the
traditional labor-intensive steps of sutting and
sewing.
Seersucker - A woven fabric of cotton,
rayon or synthetics which incorporates
modification of tension control. In the production
of seersucker, some of the warp yarns are held
under controlled tension at all times during the
weaving, while other warp yarns are in a relaxed
state and tend to pucker when the filling yarns
are placed. The result produces a puckered stripe
effect in the fabric. The term is derived
from the Persian "shirushaker", a kind of cloth,
literally "milk and sugar". Colored stripes are
often used. It has a dull surface and comes in
medium to heavy weights. The woven crinkle is
produced by alternating slack and tight yarns in
the warp for a permanent effect. The crinkle
effect can also be produced by pressing or the use
of chemicals, which is not likely to be permanent
- called plisse. It is durable and will wear for
years. It may be laundered without ironing.
Can be bleached, yarn dyed, or printed. Some comes
in a check effect. Often used in summer
suits for men, women, and children, coats,
uniforms, trims, nightwear, all kinds of
sportswear, dresses, blouses, children's wear of
all kinds, curtains, bedspreads, slipcovers.
Selvage or Selvedge - The thin compressed
edge of a woven fabric which runs parallel to the
warp yarns and prevents raveling. It is usually
woven, utilizing tougher yarns and a tighter
construction than the rest of the fabric.
Serge - A fabric with a smooth hand that is
created by a two-up, two-down twill weave.
Serging -An overcasting technique done on
the cut edge of a fabric to prevent raveling.
Serpentine Crepe
– Has a filling with a twisted thread which
creates a crepe effect. The size of the
crepe thread determines the texture.
Sequined - Ornamented with a small plate of
shining metal or plastic.
Shantung - A medium-weight, plain-weave
fabric in cotton, silk, rayon or synthetics,
characterized by a ribbed effect, resulting from
slubbed yarns used in the warp or filling
direction. End-uses include dresses and suits.
It is a raw silk made from Tussah silk or silk
waste, depending on the quality. It is quite
similar to pongee, but has a more irregular
surface, heavier, and rougher. Most of the slubs
are in the filling direction. It wrinkles easily
and abundantly. Underlining helps to prevent this
as well as slipping at the seams. Do not fit too
tightly, if long wear is expected. Comes in
various weights, colors and also printed.
Shadowy Organdy
– A lightweight, crisp and sheer fabric. The
shadowy effect is produced by printing one color
repeatedly upon itself itself.
Sharkskin – A
hard-finished, low lustered, medium-weight fabric
in a twill-weave construction. It is most commonly
found in men's worsted suitings; however, it can
also be found in a plain-weave construction of
acetate, triacetate, and rayon for women's
sportswear. Made from rayon (acetate) and
synthetics (particularly Arnel) in a plain or
twill weave. It has a heavy, semi-crisp
texture and is very smooth and slippery with a
flat look. It is mostly made in white but
sometimes colored. It wears well and launders well
particularly in Arnel. It a tendency to turn
yellow with age, but the Arnel remains pure white.
It has been used for summer wear.
Shatush - This is one
of the finest textiles. It is created from white,
silver or gray hair of wild goats. The supply of
this hair is very limited so the textile is very
rare and it is one of the most expensive fabrics
in the world.
Shawl Collar - A one-piece collar which
is turned down to form a continuous line around
the back of the neck to the front.
Sheer - Any very light-weight fabric such
as chiffon, georgette, voile, or sheer crepe.
They usually have an open weave and feel cool.
Sheers (Triple
Sheers) - Heavier and flatter than sheers and
almost opaque. Many are made from "Bemberg", which
wears, drapes, and washes well.
Shelf Bra - A bra that is built right
into the garment. Used often in exercise
clothing for ladies.
Shrinkage - The contraction of a fiber,
yarn or fabric after washing and drying. All
products made of natural fibers have a tendency to
shrink 4%-8%.
Shrug - A woman's small, waist-length or
shorter jacket.
Silhouette - Dark shaded profile
portrait outline of any garment.
Silk – A fiber produced by the silkworm
Bombyx mori, also known as the mulberry silkworm,
with which the worm weaves its cocoon. One
of the finest textiles, silk is soft, has a
brilliant sheen, and is very strong and absorbent.
A luxurious fabric, silk is lush to the touch and
drapes beautifully on the body. It is sensitive to
sunlight as well as perspiration and must be
carefully laundered. While silk is essentially
organic, standards are being developed for organic
certification of silk.
Silk (Degummed
Silk) - By boiling the silk in hot water, the
gum (sericin) is removed from the yarn/fabric. By
doing this, the luster of the silk is enhanced. It
is very lightweight.
Silk (Honan) -
The best grade of wild silk and is similar to
"pongee" but finer. It is made from wild silkworms
raised in the Honan area of China and is the only
wild type that gives even dyeing results. Do not
fit too tightly.
Silk (Illusion) - A
gauze weave or made on bobbinet machine or
knotted. It is a
very fine, all-silk tulle which originated in
France. It has a cobweb appearance and used in
wedding gown veils and trimmings.
Silk (Lame) - Silk or
any textile fiber in which metallic threads are
used in the warp or the filling. Lame is also a
trade mark for metallic yarns. French for
"trimmed with leaves of gold or silver". Often has
pattern all over the surface. The shine and
glitter of this fabric makes it suitable for
dressy wear.
Sisal - A strong bast
fiber that originates from the leaves of the Agave
plant, which is found in the West Indies, Central
America, and Africa. End-uses include cordage and
twine. One of a group of fibers obtained from the
leaves of a plant that belongs to the Agave family
and is raised in Mexico, especially in the Yucatan
peninsula. The fiber is also cultivated in Africa,
Java, and some areas of South America. Sisal can
be dyed bright colors, by means of both cotton
dyes and acid dyes normally used for wool.
Skant - Pants that have a sweater-like
attachment around the waist.
Skort - Shorts that have a front
covering to resemble a skirt.
Smart Textiles - Textiles that can sense
and react to changes in the environment, such as
changes from mechanical , thermal, chemical,
magnetic and other sources.
Solution-dyed - A type of fiber dyeing in
which colored pigments are injected into the
spinning solution prior to the extrusion of the
fiber through the spinneret. Fibers and yarns
colored in this manner are color-fast to most
destructive agents.
Soy – A new fabric with a silky feel that
is produced from the soy bean plant.
Spaghetti Strap - A thin tubular strap
that attaches to the bodice. Named for its
likeness to a strand of spaghetti.
Spandex - A manufactured elastomeric fiber
that can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without
breaking, and will still recover to its original
length. Spandex increases the life of a
garment, making it more sustainable. It adds
stretch and versatility and contributes to a wider
array of fashion fabrications. Lycra is the
same as spandex.
Spinneret - A metal nozzle type device with
very fine holes used in the spinning process of
manufactured fibers. The spinning solution is
forced or extruded through the small holes to form
continuous filament fibers. The holes in the
spinneret can vary in diameter to produce fibers
of various denier.
Split Neck - A round neckline that looks
like it have been cut in the center to form a
small "V".
Spot Weave
- A woven construction in which patterns are built
in at spaced intervals through the use of extra
warp and/or extra fill yarns are placed in
selected areas. These yarns are woven into the
fabric by means of a dobby or Jacquard attachment.
Spun Rayon – A rayon that is spun to
look like cotton or wool. It is made with
staple fibers in a continuous strand to give this
effect. It wears well and is washable. Made in
different weights and comes in plain colors and
prints. Has soft, fuzzy surface and blends well
with cotton.
Spun Yarn - A yarn made by taking a group
of short staple fibers, which have been cut from
the longer continuous filament fibers, and then
twisting these short staple fibers together to
form a single yarn, which is then used for weaving
or knitting fabrics.
Square Neck - An open-yoke neckline
shaped in the form of a half square.
Staple Fibers - Short fibers, typically
ranging from 1/2 inch up to 18 inches long. Wool,
cotton, and flax exist only as staple fibers.
Manufactured staple fibers are cut to a specific
length from the continuous filament fiber. Usually
the staple fiber is cut in lengths ranging from
1-1/2 inches to 8 inches long. A group of staple
fibers are twisted together to form a yarn, which
is then woven or knit into fabrics.
Straight Legs - Pant legs cut an equal
width from the waist to the ankle.
Suede – Suede leather with a napped surface.
Suede fabric is made from
wool, cotton, rayon, synthetics and blends in a
plain, twill, or knitted that is napped on one
side to resemble suede leather. The short,
close nap gives a soft, smooth hand. When made in
cotton, it resembles duvetyne, but heavier.
Sunn – A bast fiber
obtained from the Crotalaria juncea plant.
The fibers grow from 4 to 5 feet long and are
retted and prepared like other bast fibers. Sunn
contains over 80% cellulose and is highly
resistant to moisture and meldew. This fiber is
mainly produced in India although small amounts
are grown in Uganda. It is mainly used for
cordage, rug yarns, and paper. In India it is also
used for fish nets and is sometimes used as a
substitute for jute in bagging cloths.
Surah – A light weight,
lustrous twill weave constructed fabric with a
silk-like hand. Surah is the fabric of ties,
dresses, and furnishings. It is available in silk,
polyester, and rayon. A silk, rayon, or synthetic
fiber woven in a twill (2 up and 2 down) that is
soft and flexible, lightweight and lustrous.
It has a noticeable twill on the fabric and
wrinkles easily. Underlining can help to prevent
wrinkling, as well as to prevent slipping at the
seams. Some have a tendency to water spot. It is
very similar to "foulard", but heavier.
Sustainable Clothing - Sustainable
clothing and sustainable fashion is very
subjective. Clothing that
reduces the environmental impact. Clothing
that supports and nourishes the earth and the
lives of all people involved in the processes of
growing, manufacturing and distributing the
clothing. Reuse and recycling, organic
fibers, Free Trade worker conditions, and animal
welfare are important
principles for sustainable clothing and fashion,
but it isn't necessary to have them all together.
Sweetheart Neck - A graceful, open yoke,
shaped like the top half of a heart.
Synthetics – Fabrics that are not from
natural origins. Synthetics include manmade
polyesters and polyvinyl fiber derivatives such as
Acrylic, Nylon and Spandex that have been
synthesized from petroleum and carbon derivatives.
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